Religion and the Rise of STEM: A Historical Analysis

Abstract This paper examines the historical relationship between organized religion and the development of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). While religious institutions have influenced moral and philosophical thought, the primary drivers of scientific progress—including empirical methods and intellectual innovation—have stemmed largely from secular inquiry. This analysis highlights two pivotal moments in history—the Islamic Golden Age and the Scientific Revolution—and explores the ongoing dialogue between science and faith.