Propagation of Defective Decision Nodes in Societal Systems: A Universal Formula Approach

This paper formalizes the effects of defective decision nodes—especially leaders—on interconnected societal systems using a universal formula grounded in systems theory and natural balance principles. We argue that when defective minds hold authority, they propagate systemic imbalances that manifest in economic crises, environmental degradation, social fragmentation, and institutional instability. Real-world case studies from history and contemporary politics illustrate the model's predictive capacity. Two diagrams visualize propagation, severity, and feedback mechanisms. The paper concludes with implications for governance and institutional design.