Self-Contained Ethics I: Justice as Contextual Optimality

“This paper redefines the essence of justice not as an abstract ideal but as the optimal action determined through the situational judgment of the agent. While traditional ethical theories—utilitarianism and deontology—have evaluated moral worth by either consequences or principles, such frameworks alone are insufficient for navigating the complexity of modern contexts. Through concrete examples (bullying, fire, robbery), this paper proposes a practical definition: justice as contextual optimality. Furthermore, it introduces a structural model where ethics provides the foundation, justice embodies action, and morality offers heuristic guidance.”