Risk Calculators Validation for Elective Major General Surgery

Nowadays, over 300 million surgical operations take place every year worldwide, which increase at a rate of 33.6% comparing data from 2005 to 2013. According to Surgical Outcomes Monitoring and Improvement Program (SOMIP) reports, which is an Hospital Authority-wide (HA-wide) audit on postoperative outcomes, a growth in major and ultra-major operations performed in our locality is also observed between 2008 and 2016, which leads to an increasing demand of high dependency and intensive care in the postoperative period. With the advancement in surgical technology, increasing surgical complexity and aging population have raised concerns towards perioperative costs and postoperative complications. Therefore, there is a need of an objective tool for risk stratification, which would be useful to guide clinical decision in terms of the magnitude of operation, level of intraoperative monitoring and postoperative placement plan. Various risk scoring systems have been developed nowadays and each has its own limitations. As nowadays, the calculated risk score is commonly used in shared decision making process with patient and among the perioperative team. Risk calculation solely based on preoperative parameters will be more practical for daily clinical use. Therefore, in this study, the investigators would like to validate the postoperative mortality prediction with the risk calculators that are established merely using preoperative variables. Hopefully this would guide the future risk stratification in patients undergoing elective major surgical operation.